| 45th United States Congress | |||
United States Capitol (1869) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1879 | |||
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| Senate President: | William A. Wheeler | ||
| Senate Pres. pro tem: | Thomas W. Ferry | ||
| House Speaker: | Samuel J. Randall | ||
| Members: | 76 Senators 293 Representatives 8 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Republican | ||
| House Majority: | Democratic | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| Special: March 5, 1877 – March 17, 1877 1st: October 15, 1877 – December 3, 1877 2nd: December 3, 1877 – June 20, 1878 3rd: December 2, 1878 – March 3, 1879 |
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The Forty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1877 to March 4, 1879, during the first two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) |
Independent (I) |
Other |
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| End of the previous congress | 28 | 47 | 0 | (Independent Republican) 1 |
76 | 0 |
| Begin | 35 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 76 | 0 |
| End | 36 | 39 | ||||
| Final voting share | 47.4% | 51.3% | 1.3% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 42 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 76 | 0 |
| Affiliation | Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
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Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Independent Democratic (ID) |
Republican (R) |
Other | Vacant | ||
| End of previous congress | 183 | 1 | 100 | (Independent Republican & Independent) 7 |
292 | 1 |
| Begin | 144 | 2 | 146 | 0 | 292 | 1 |
| Start of the 1st Session | 145 | 2 | 293 | 0 | ||
| End | 148 | 141 | 291 | 2 | ||
| Final voting share | 51.5% | 48.5% | 0.0% | |||
| Beginning of the next congress | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| State (class) |
Former senator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ohio (3) | John Sherman (R) | Resigned March 8, 1877 after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury | T. Stanley Matthews (R) | March 21, 1877 |
| Pennsylvania (3) | Simon Cameron (R) | Resigned March 12, 1877 | J. Donald Cameron (R) | March 20, 1877 |
| Missouri (3) | Lewis V. Bogy (D) | Died September 20, 1877. An interim successor was appointed. | David H. Armstrong (D) | September 29, 1877 |
| Indiana (3) | Oliver P. Morton (R) | Died November 1, 1877. | Daniel W. Voorhees (D) | November 6, 1877 |
| Missouri (3) | David H. Armstrong (D) | Successor elected January 26, 1879 | James Shields (D) | January 27, 1879 |
| Michigan (1) | Isaac P. Christiancy (R) | Resigned February 10, 1879 due to ill health | Zachariah Chandler (R) | February 22, 1879 |
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia 9th | Vacant | Rep Benjamin Harvey Hill resigned in previous congress | Hiram P. Bell (D) | March 13, 1877 |
| Colorado At-large | James B. Belford (R) | Lost contested election December 13, 1877 | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | December 13, 1877 |
| California 4th | Romualdo Pacheco (R) | Lost contested election February 7, 1878 | Peter D. Wigginton (D) | February 7, 1878 |
| Louisiana 3rd | Chester B. Darrall (R) | Lost contested election February 20, 1878 | Joseph H. Acklen (D) | February 20, 1878 |
| Louisiana 5th | John E. Leonard (R) | Died March 15, 1878 | J. Smith Young (D) | November 5, 1878 |
| Massachusetts 3rd | Walbridge A. Field (R) | Lost contested election March 28, 1878 | Benjamin Dean (D) | March 28, 1878 |
| New York 16th | Terence J. Quinn (D) | Died June 18, 1878 | John M. Bailey (R) | November 5, 1878 |
| Nebraska At-large | Frank Welch (R) | Died September 4, 1878 | Thomas J. Majors (R) | November 5, 1878 |
| Michigan 1st | Alpheus S. Williams (D) | Died December 21, 1878 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Virginia 1st | Beverly B. Douglas (D) | Died December 22, 1878 | Richard L. T. Beale (D) | January 23, 1879 |
| Georgia 1st | Julian Hartridge (D) | Died January 8, 1879 | William B. Fleming (D) | February 10, 1879 |
| Texas 6th | Gustav Schleicher (D) | Died January 10, 1879 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Florida 2nd | Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) | Lost contested election February 20, 1879 | Jesse J. Finley (D) | February 20, 1879 |
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